Thermoelectric effect in a parallel double quantum dot structure

We discuss the thermoelectric properties assisted by the Fano effect of a parallel double quantum dot (QD) structure. By adjusting the couplings between the QDs and leads, we facilitate the nonresonant and resonant channels for the Fano interference. It is found that at low temperature, Fano lineshapes appear in the electronic and thermal conductance spectra, which can also be reversed by an applied local magnetic flux with its phase factor $\phi=\pi$. And, the Fano effect contributes decisively to the enhancement of thermoelectric efficiency. However, at the same temperature, the thermoelectric effect in the case of $\phi=\pi$ is much more apparent, compared with the case of zero magnetic flux. By the concept of Feynman path, we analyze the difference between the quantum interferences in the cases of $\phi=0$ and $\phi=\pi$. It is seen that in the absence of magnetic flux the Fano interference originates from the quantum interference among infinite-order Feynman paths, but it occurs only between two lowest-order Feynman paths when $\phi=\pi$. The increase of temperature inevitably destroys the electron coherent transmission in each paths. So, in the case of zero magnetic field, the thermoelectric effect contributed by the Fano interference is easy to weaken by a little increase of temperature.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Kernel Based High Order "Explicit" Unconditionally-Stable Scheme for Nonlinear Degenerate Advection-Diffusion Equations

In this paper, we present a novel numerical scheme for solving a class of nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations with non-smooth solutions. The proposed method relies on a special kernel based formulation of the solutions found in our early work on the method of lines transpose and successive convolution. In such a framework, a high order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) methodology and a nonlinear filter are further employed to avoid spurious oscillations. High order accuracy in time is realized by using the high order explicit strong-stability-preserving (SSP) Runge-Kutta method. Moreover, theoretical investigations of the kernel based formulation combined with an explicit SSP method indicates that the combined scheme is unconditionally stable and up to third order accuracy. Evaluation of the kernel based approach is done with a fast $\mathcal{O}(N)$ summation algorithm. The new method allows for much larger time step evolution compared with other explicit schemes with the same order accuracy, leading to remarkable computational savings

A Kernel Based High Order "Explicit" Unconditionally Stable Scheme for Time Dependent Hamilton-Jacobi Equations

In this paper, a class of high order numerical schemes is proposed for solving Hamilton-Jacobi (H-J) equations. This work is regarded as an extension of our previous work for nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations, see Christlieb et al. \emph{arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.09294},, which relies on a special kernel-based formulation of the solutions and successive convolution. When applied to the H-J equations, the newly proposed scheme attains genuinely high order accuracy in both space and time, and more importantly, it is unconditionally stable, hence allowing for much larger time step evolution compared with other explicit schemes and saving computational cost. A high order weighted essentially non-oscillatory methodology and a novel nonlinear filter are further incorporated to capture the correct viscosity solution. Furthermore, by coupling the recently proposed inverse Lax-Wendroff boundary treatment technique, this method is very flexible in handing complex geometry as well as general boundary conditions. We perform numerical experiments on a collection of numerical examples, including H-J equations with linear, nonlinear, convex or non-convex Hamiltonians. The efficacy and efficiency of the proposed scheme in approximating the viscosity solution of general H-J equations is verified

Electronic transport through a double-quantum-dot Aharonov-Bohm interference device with impurities

The impurity-related electron transport through a double quantum dot (QD) Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometer is theoretically studied, by considering impurities coupled to the QDs in the interferometer arms. When investigating the linear conductance spectra \emph{vs} the impurity levels, we show that the impurities influence the electron transport in a nontrivial way, since their suppressing or enhancing the electron tunneling. A presented single-level impurity leads to the appearance of Fano lineshapes in the conductance spectra in the absence of magnetic flux, with the positions of Fano antiresonances determined by both the impurity-QD couplings and the QD levels separated from the Fermi level, whereas when a magnetic flux is introduced with the the phase factor $\phi=\pi$ the impurity-driven Breit-Wigner lineshapes appear in the conductance curves. Besides, the nonlocal impurities alter the period of conductance change \emph{vs} the magnetic flux. The multi-level impurities indeed complicate the electron transport, but for the cases of two identical local impurities coupled to the respective QDs with uniform couplings or a nonlocal impurity coupled to both QDs uniformly, the antiresonances are only relevant to the impurity levels. When many-body effect is managed within the second-order approximation, we also find the important role of the Coulomb interaction in modifying the electron transport.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figure

Local Distinguishability and Schmidt Number of Orthogonal States

Now, the known ensembles of orthogonal states which are distinguishable by local operators and classical communication (LOCC) satisfy the condition that the sum of Schmidit numbers of the orthogonal states is not bigger than the dimensions of the whole space. A natural question is whether an arbitary ensembles of LOCC-distinguishable orthogonal states satisfies the condition. We first show that, in this paper, the answer is positive. Then we generalize it into multipartite systems, and show that a necessary condition for LOCC-distinguishability of multipartite orthogonal quantum states is that the sum of the least numbers of the product states (For bipartite system, the least number of product states is Schmidit number) of the orthogonal states is not bigger than the dimensions of the Hilbert space of the multipartite system. This necessary condition is very simple and general, and one can get many cases of indistinguishability by it. It means that the least number of the product states acts an important role in distinguishablity of states, and implies that the least number of the product states may be an good manifestion of quantum nonlocality in some sense. In fact, entanglement emphases the "amount" of nonlocality, but the least number of the product states emphases the types of nonlocality. For example, the known W states and GHZ states have different least number of the product states, and are different in type.Comment: 4 page

Inflation coupled to a Gauss-Bonnet term

The newly released Planck CMB data place tight constraints on slow-roll inflationary models. Some of commonly discussed inflationary potentials are disfavored due mainly to the large tensor-to-scalar ratio. In this paper we show that these potentials may be in good agreement with the Planck data when the inflaton has a non-minimal coupling to the Gauss-Bonnet term. Moreover, such a coupling violates the consistency relation between the tensor spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio. If the tensor spectral index is allowed to vary freely, the Planck constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio are slightly improved.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, references adde

FWDA: a Fast Wishart Discriminant Analysis with its Application to Electronic Health Records Data Classification

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) on Electronic Health Records (EHR) data is widely-used for early detection of diseases. Classical LDA for EHR data classification, however, suffers from two handicaps: the ill-posed estimation of LDA parameters (e.g., covariance matrix), and the "linear inseparability" of EHR data. To handle these two issues, in this paper, we propose a novel classifier FWDA -- Fast Wishart Discriminant Analysis, that makes predictions in an ensemble way. Specifically, FWDA first surrogates the distribution of inverse covariance matrices using a Wishart distribution estimated from the training data, then "weighted-averages" the classification results of multiple LDA classifiers parameterized by the sampled inverse covariance matrices via a Bayesian Voting scheme. The weights for voting are optimally updated to adapt each new input data, so as to enable the nonlinear classification. Theoretical analysis indicates that FWDA possesses a fast convergence rate and a robust performance on high dimensional data. Extensive experiments on large-scale EHR dataset show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms by a large margin

Direct Detections of Dark Matter in the Presence of Non-standard Neutrino Interactions

In this paper we investigate impacts of non-standard neutrino interactions (NSIs) to the limitations on the discovery potential of dark matter in direct detection experiments. New neutrino floors are derived taking into account current upper bounds on the effective couplings of various NSIs. Our study shows that the neutrino floors of the standard model neutral current interactions can be significantly changed in the presence of vector-current NSI and scalar-current NSI, and the neutrino floors can be raised up to about ${\cal O}(20\%)$ in the presence of pseudo-scalar-current NSI, and there are almost no impacts to the neutrino floors from the axial-vector NSI and the tensor NSI. We suggest combining the dark matter direct detection experiments with the coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering experiments to hunt for new physics behind the signal of nuclear recoil in the future.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Intrinsic magnetoresistance in metal films on ferromagnetic insulators

We predict a magnetoresistance induced by the interfacial Rashba spin-orbit coupling in normal metal|ferromagnetic insulator bilayer. It depends on the angle between current and magnetization directions identically to the "spin Hall magnetoresistance" mechanism caused by a combined action of spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effects. Due to the identical phenomenology it is not obvious whether the magnetoresistance reported by Nakayama et al. is a bulk metal or interface effect. The interfacial Rashba induced magnetoresistance may be distinguished from the bulk metal spin Hall magnetoresistance by its dependence on the metal film thickness

Bragg solitons in an electromagnetically induced transparency medium

In this Letter we discuss the possibility of producing Bragg solitons in an electromagnetically induced transparency medium. We show that this coherent medium can be engineered to be a Bragg grating with a large Kerr nonlinearity through proper arrangements of light fields. Unlike in previous studies, the parameters of the medium can be easily controlled through adjusting the intensities and detunings of lasers. Thus this scheme may provide an opportunity to study the dynamics of Bragg solitons. And doing experiments with low power lights is possible.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure